The reserve, however, is relatively small and Bahrain is expected to be the first Gulf country to run out of oil. Accordingly, the country is taking some steps to diversify its economy and further develop international business relationships. According to the Bahrain Economic Vision , the country is facing a shortage of both quality employment and appropriate skills. Presently, about 4, Bahrainis a year enter the job market with at least a college degree.
If this continues, there will not be enough jobs to meet this demand. The private sector does not currently accommodate these numbers and Bahrain has addressed these issues by redistributing oil revenues and offering citizens jobs in the public sector. This oversized public sector, however, cannot be sustained in the future, considering the gradual decline of oil reserves.
The most sustainable way of raising youth employment is a planned transformation to an economy that is driven by a strong private sector that will also offer attractive career opportunities to suitably skilled Bahrainis. Adequate national capacities for effective trade policy administration will need to be enhanced through strengthening institutional and technical capacities in order to improve the efficiency of the economic governance system.
The Kingdom of Bahrain has made noticeable strides towards gender equality, yet there remain some areas to be addressed. Gender-based statistics are required in the organizational structures of ministries and institutions, in budget allocation and in planning. Supportive policies will continue for the integration of more women into the workforce. Women must receive the same training opportunities as men so that they may have an equal chance of progressing in their careers.
This will enable them to acquire the skills needed for contributing to national development competitively. Diversifying and enriching the economic, social, educational and training options for women will give them the opportunity to advance their performance, upgrade the quality of their life and engage in life-long learning.
Efforts are to be sustained to produce wider national impact, making sure women's needs are integrated into the strategies of the country in different ways, from the laws that are introduced to the policies that are implemented. Bahrain have thus made pioneering achievements in development, as well as advanced and continuous political and democratic reforms, and positive developments within laws and constitutional institutions, which gave Bahrain a prominent position regionally and internationally.
Search for:. Thus, from earliest recorded history the island has been known as a trading center, famous for its pearls, agricultural produce, and fishermen. The Greeks referred to the island of Bahrain as Tylos, as depicted on the A.
Arab settlements on the island began around B. The island's strategic importance led to various occupations amid jostlings for power in the Gulf by the Portuguese and the Persians, while Britain later controlled the island well into the twentieth century. The Portuguese established their presence from onwards, until they were evicted in by a combined Bahraini-Persian force supported by Shah Abbas the Great.
A Persian influence followed the eviction of the Portuguese until , when Oman temporarily annexed Bahrain. But the Persians returned and renegotiated their control in , effected through a local puppet ruler.
In the Persians invaded the island of Zubara, the home of the Al Khalifa tribe, who with the help of the Al Sabah tribe of Kuwait repelled the Persian attack on Zubara, then defeated the occupying Persians on Bahrain Island. In , Britain took over Bahrain as a protectorate to prevent further foreign encroachment. The Al Khalifa dynasty still controls the monarchial rule of the modern state of Bahrain, maintaining its rule for more than years. He also acts as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
He has the ability to ratify constitutional amendments, propose legislation, and veto laws. His veto of a law can only be overcome by a majority vote of the legislature. He also has the ability to declare war and a state of emergency, as well as the power to conclude treaties. It is the duty of the Council to supervise the activities of the government agencies and to implement national policy.
Removal of the Ministers and the Prime Minister is conducted by the King, though if the Prime Minister is removed or resigns, the entire Council is considered resigned as well.
The Council is composed of 40 royally appointed members who serve for 4 years, subject to reappointment. The Chamber likewise has 40 members who serve 4 year terms, but its members are elected by a direct vote. In order for a bill to become a law, it has to be approved by both the Council and the Chamber and ratified by the King.
However, the Chamber does possess some specific powers, including the power of interpellation and the passage of a vote of no-confidence against any Minister or the Council of Ministers as a whole. The Chamber may not pass a vote of no-confidence against the Prime Minister directly.
If two-thirds of its members believe that they cannot work with the Prime Minister, then it is put to a vote in the entire National Assembly, and if they decide by a two-thirds vote that they cannot work with the Prime Minister, then the matter is submitted to the King who must decide whether to replace the Prime Minister or the Chamber of Deputies.
The judicial power of Bahrain is divided among a number of lower courts created by law, including military, civil, and religious courts using Islamic law. This system is regulated and overseen by a Higher Judicial Council, chaired by the King, which is tasked with ensuring the functioning of the courts and the Public Prosecution Office. The Constitutional Court is comprised of a President and 6 other members appointed by the King on the recommendation of the Higher Judicial Council.
It is their task to makes sure that all laws are constitutional as requested by Government, the Consultative Council, or the Chamber of Deputies. The King may also ask the Court to review a law before it is passed. Members of the Court cannot be dismissed. Bahrain continues to face popular demands for increased democratization, which has manifested itself in protests and uprisings around the country.
Bahrain was caught in the tide of the so-called Arab Spring of in which several countries in the Middle East and North Africa saw a rise in popular protests. Some called for the end of the monarchy entirely, in favour of a completely elected government. The government responded in an effort to disband the protests, including the use of tear gas and rubber bullets.
After government forces opened fire on a crowd of mourners at the funeral of a protestor, Al Wifaq withdrew from the National Assembly.
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