We use cookies to imporve your experience. By using our site, you consent to our cookie policy OK Learn more. Graphic Graphics from: Ou The Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Together these rivers support the drinking water, irrigation, energy, industry and sanitation needs of 1. Using this item and referring to it is encouraged, and please use it in presentations, web pages, newspapers, blogs and reports.
View this Graphic on Flickr. Graphics included in same album View all media. Agricultural Productivity. Climate-related Hazards. Consideration of mountain-relevant hazards in agriculture, food and nutrition policies. Consideration of mountain-relevant hazards in climate change policies. Consideration of mountain-relevant hazards in energy policies. Consideration of mountain-relevant hazards in forest policies.
Model tidak hanya melibatkan aspek material komunikasi tapi juga spiritual. Selain bersifat spiritual, model ini juga nonlinier.
Full Text Available This article is devoted to comparative analysis of two ethic systems: Hindu ethic of dharma and Christian ethic of love. Gurung, D. An increasing trend in the recurrence of natural disasters and associated impacts due to Floods, Glacier Lake out bursts, landslides and forest fire is reported over Hindu Kush Himalyan HKH region.
Climate change and anthropogenic coupled factors are identified as primary factors for such increased vulnerability. The large degree of poverty, lack of infrastructure, poor accessibility and uncertainties involved in understanding high altitude land surface and climate dynamics poses s Full Text Available Pendidikan aguron-guron dikembangkan atas dua sub model. Model pendidikan aguron-guron merupakan kearifan lokal yang menjungjung tinggi nilai-nilai keseimbangan dan harmonisasi.
Oleh karena itu terus diperhatikan dan dikembangkan untuk memelihara karakter bangsa, membangun landasan teori pendidikan dan pembelajaran berbasis budaya.
Penelitian ini merupakan tahun ke dua, yang bertujuan menghasilkan bahan ajar dan VCD sebagai media pendukung pembelajaran model pendidikan Hindu Bali tradisional aguron-guron serta menguji efektivitas bahan ajar dan media VCD model pendidikan Hindu Bali tradisional aguron-guron tersebut.
Metode pengumpulan data digunakan wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dokumentasi dan angket penilaian bahan ajar dan VCD. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif teknik prosentase dan kualitatif. Hasil uji ahli dan uji coba pengguna perorangan serta uji coba pengguna kelompok kecil terhadap produk yang dikembangkan berupa bahan ajar dan VCD mencakup materi Ilmu Silat Bali Kuno,Tapak Suci, Tattwa dan Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Hindu menunjukkan sangat layak dan masuk dalam kategori tidak perlu direvisi.
Hindu responses to Darwinism, like Christian, have run the gamut from outright rejection to fairly robust but limited accommodations of the Darwinian perspective.
Despite certain features of Hindu thought such as the enormous time-scales of traditional cosmogonies that may suggest considerable affinity with modern notions of organic evolution,…. The Hindu -Arabic numerals. The numbers that we call Arabic are so familiar throughout Europe and the Americas that it can be difficult to realize that their general acceptance in commercial transactions is a matter of only the last four centuries and they still remain unknown in parts of the world.
In this volume, one of the earliest texts to trace the origin and development of our number system, two distinguished mathematicians collaborated to bring together many fragmentary narrations to produce a concise history of Hindu -Arabic numerals. Clearly and succinctly, they recount the labors of scholars who have studied the. Mental development and religious personality is one aspect that needs to get special attention because through it children and adolescents understand the meaning of Religion and its benefits for human life and will later form a person who virtuous noble character.
Having grown a noble personality then the teenager has a fortress to face the challenges of his life. In an effort to provide guidance to the younger generation, Parisada Hindu Dharma in Atula Village and Hindu community together at Full Text Available In religious life, at first the existence of Hindu and Buddhist very harmonious and contradictory in their home country, namely India.
But the two religions in Indosesia seem very harmonious, especially in the era of the Majapahit kingdom. Moreover, the existence of Hinduism and Buddhism in Bali very harmony and even complement each other in practice and spiritual order.
Buddhism is very much a substance similar to the teachings of Hinduism. In some Hindu literature was found a lot in common with the essence of Buddhism, and vice versa. By looking at it as if the two religions fused in practice in Bali, especially in the implementation of religious activities such as the ritual tawur agung in connection with the celebration of Nyepi Saka as the New Year.
Pain and suffering as viewed by the Hindu religion. Religion and spiritual practices are among the resources used by patients to cope with chronic pain. The major concepts of Hinduism that are related to pain and suffering are presented.
Ways that Hindu traditions deal with pain and suffering are reviewed, including the concept of acceptance, which has been studied in the pain medicine literature. By becoming more familiar with Hindu views of pain and suffering, pain medicine practitioners can offer potentially helpful concepts to all patients and support Hindus' spirituality as it relates to pain and suffering.
Religion or spirituality is often important to patients. This article will inform the pain medicine practitioner how pain and suffering are viewed in Hinduism, the third largest religion in the world. It is hoped that these concepts will prove helpful when treating not only followers of Hinduism but all patients. Distortion definitely is reduced with the addition of more channels to the processed data stream comparing trace 3 to Full Text Available Mental development and religious personality is one aspect that needs to get special attention because through it children and adolescents understand the meaning of Religion and its benefits for human life and will later form a person who virtuous noble character.
In an effort to provide guidance to the younger generation, Parisada Hindu Dharma in Atula Village and Hindu community together attempt to form the path of non-formal education of Hinduism namely Pasraman Widya Dharma Saraswati.
Focusing on Hinduism, India, and Indian literature, this course guide offers help in organizing a course or units of instruction. The guide contains a historical outline of the evolution of Hinduism over a period of 3, years; a glossary listing terms in the guide and in Hindu literature; five courses of different time lengths the literature of….
They are separate traditional exercises. It is proved that such practice has productive effect in different health treatments. This paper has applied the methods of observation, interview and literature review as qualitative paradigm in exploring their original roots of Vedic Sandhyopaasan. Twice born castes Brahman, Chhetri and Baishya of Nepali Hindu society has been found practicing all components of the exercises as a unified ritual of Sandhyopaasan.
Upanayan Bratabandha ritual teaches Sandhyopaasan procedures for self control and self healing of the performers. Brahman is not eligible as Brahman without doing the ritual daily. However, this study has found that some Dalits have also been practicing Sandhyopaasan daily and feeling relaxed. Findings of this study show that Sandhyopaasan is a compact package of yoga, meditations and Hasta Chikitsa.
Students and gurus of Vedas have been regularly following the compact package for inner peace and self control. The paper analyzes the ritual through Hindu educational perspective. Glaciers of Asia. The glaciers are widely scattered and cover an area of about 59, km2. The mountain glaciers may be classified as maritime, subcontinental or extreme continental.
In Afghanistan, more than 3, small glaciers occur in the Hindu Kush and Pamir mountains. Most glaciers occur on north-facing slopes shaded by mountain peaks and on east and southeast slopes that are shaded by monsoon clouds. The glaciers provide vital water resources to the region and cover an area of about 2, km2.
Glaciers of northern Pakistan are some of the largest and longest mid-latitude glaciers on Earth. They are located in the Hindu Kush , Himalaya, and Karakoram mountains and cover an area of about 15, km2. Glaciers here are important for their role in providing water resources and their hazard potential. The glaciers in India are located in the Himalaya and cover about 8, km2. The Himalaya contains one of the largest reservoirs of snow and ice outside the polar regions.
The glaciers are a major source of fresh water and supply meltwater to all the rivers in northern India, thereby affecting the quality of life of millions of people. In Nepal, the glaciers are located in the Himalaya as individual glaciers; the glacierized area covers about 5, km2.
The region is the highest mountainous region on Earth and includes the Mt. Everest region. Glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya have a total area of about 1, km2. Many recent glacier studies are focused on glacier lakes that have the potential of generating dangerous glacier lake outburst floods. Research on the glaciers of the middle-latitude, high- mountain glaciers of Asia has also focused on the information contained in the ice cores from the glaciers. This information helps in the reconstruction of paleoclimatic records, and the computer modeling of global climate change.
The black-necked crane Grus nigricollis is the only alpine crane species and is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. The breeding habitats of this species are poorly understood, which greatly hampers practical research and conservation work. Using machine learning methods and the best-available data from our 7,kilometer mega-transect survey and open access data, we built the first species distribution model SDM to analyze the black-necked crane's breeding habitats. Our model showed that current conservation gaps account for Specifically, the northern parts of the Hengduan Mountains and the southeastern Tibet Valley, the northern side of the middle Kunlun Mountains , parts of the Pamir Plateau, the northern Pakistan Highlands and the western Hindu Kush should be considered as its main potential breeding areas.
The identified conservation gaps and potential breeding areas can aid in clearly prioritizing future conservation and research, but more attention and study should be directed to the unassessed Western Development of China to secure this endangered crane lineage and other wildlife on the Tibetan Plateau.
The Himalayas have a profound effect on the South Asian climate and the regional hydrological cycle, as it forms a barrier for the strong monsoon winds and serves as an elevated heat source, thus controlling the onset and distribution of precipitation during the Indian summer monsoon.
Recent studies have suggested that radiative heating by absorbing aerosols, such as dust and black carbon over the Indo-Gangetic Plains IGP and slopes of the Himalayas, may significantly accelerate the seasonal warming of the Hindu Kush -Himalayas-Tibetan Plateau HKHT and influence the subsequent evolution of the summer monsoon.
This paper presents a detailed characterization of aerosols over the IGP and their radiative effects during the premonsoon season April-May-June when dust transport constitutes the bulk of the regional aerosol loading, using ground radiometric and spaceborne observations. The simulated aerosol single-scattering albedo, constrained by surface flux and aerosol measurements, is estimated to be 0. The model-simulated solar heating rate profile peaks in the lower troposphere with enhanced heating penetrating into the middle troposphere km , caused by vertically extended aerosols over the IGP with peak altitude of approx.
On a long-term climate scale, our analysis, on the basis of microwave satellite measurements of tropospheric temperatures from to , indicates accelerated annual mean warming rates found over the Himalayan- Hindu Kush region 0.
Full Text Available This study aims: 1 to know the application of the use of methods of discussion and recitation can improve the learning outcomes of Hindu religious education fourth graders Elementary School 2 Tumbu. The type of this research is Classroom Action Research PTK with the subject of this research is the fourth grader of SD Negeri 2 Tumbu, the Hindu of 17 people from 22 students, consist of 10 men, and 7 women. This research was conducted in two cycles. One cycle consists of preparation, execution, observation and reflection.
Data collection is done by test method. Then the data is analyzed by quantitative descriptive technique. The results of this study is an increase in learning outcomes, the initial reflection of the average learning outcomes of Hindu religious education amounted to Then, in the first cycle the average learning outcomes of Hindu religious education increased to Thus, learning in cycle I has not been completed.
In cycle II the average learning outcomes of Hindu religious education increased to The world religions in general promote peace and happiness. They strongly discourage all sorts of violence in society including suicide.
Religious commitments toward life-saving value are known to prevent suicide attempts since all world religions promote unity, reducing interpersonal hostilities. Therefore, understanding the basics on what religious scriptures narrate on life and death including suicide is essential. This paper highlights the seldom discussed topic on the concept and consequences of suicide portrayed in the ancient Hindu religious scriptures.
This movement has the effort to represent theirancestor practice contemporarily in term of social religious space in whichmonolithic one it is accumulated to restructure the priest symbols.
Bhisama spiritual message deriving from their ancestorsoroh Pasek is based on operational basis of social religious movement actualizedby MPSSR which is explicitly narrated that the ancestor of soroh Pasek hasprevilese to be religious priests.
Bhisama also says that the generation of sorohPasek can unite their family binding in term of indigenous relations. Thisphenomenon implies reunification among soroh Pasek for disposition torestructure permanent sidhikara system since the history of Hindu community inMataram city. This social religious of MPSSR is legitimated through the image for theeffort to establish positive image to be distributed toward Hindu community inMataram city.
The image creation is conducted by applying investment strategy ofany capitals such a economy, culture, social and symbolic one in accordance withcapital concept proposed by Pierre Bourdieu to explain power relations.
Identityreproduction and image of MPSSR toward Hindu community in Mataram citythough the appointment of pandita mpu and reunification of indigenous basiswhere it is closely related with the struggle in reaching symbolic power in Hindupractices.
Fasts, feasts and festivals in diabetes Glycemic management during Hindu fasts. Full Text Available This communication is the first of a series on South Asian fasts, festivals, and diabetes, designed to spread awareness and stimulate research on this aspect of diabetes and metabolic care.
It describes the various fasts observed as part of Hindu religion and offers a classification scheme for them, labeling them as infrequent and frequent. The infrequent fasts are further sub-classified as brief and prolonged, to facilitate a scientific approach to glycemic management during these fasts. Pre-fast counseling, non-pharmacological therapy, pharmacological modification, and post-fast debriefing are discussed in detail. All available drug classes and molecules are covered in this article, which provides guidance about necessary changes in dosage and timing of administration.
While in no way exhaustive, the brief review offers a basic framework which diabetes care professionals can use to counsel and manage persons in their care who wish to observe various Hindu fasts. This growth has coincided with — and relates in complex ways to — several other highly significant developments, including in no particular order the instituting of liberalization in the.
Full Text Available Secularism seems to require separation between religion and State. It is likely that without the Moghul and British domination Hinduism would not have acquired a militant identity. Nehru and the Left of the Congress Party leadership thought that modernity would overcome religion, which is a remnant of the past. They were confident that a political culture based on pluralism and tolerance would become the foundations of the new society.
Hindutva asserts that Hinduism is the basis of the Indian civilization. The Hindu ethos is the soul of the nation. Full Text Available Increasingly, sustainability is conceived as a crisis of the human mind and the key challenge for pro-sustainability education is developing sufficient motivation in learners.
The spiritual aspirations of religious communities contain sufficient motivational force, which may be deployed for effective sustainability education. This paper explores the approaches to sustainability and sustainability education of some internationally-oriented Hindu religious movements.
These include the rural education initiatives of Gandhian Sarvodaya, which emphasizes non-harming, self-reliance and personal ethics, ISKCON, which emphasizes devotional service, P. Praktik dinamis sinkretisme dan penyelarasan antara tradisi keagamaan lokal dan asing ditemui dalam Sutasoma, Kertagama, Dewa Ruci, Babad Tanah Jawa, dan Centini. Dari hasil bacaan teks-teks di atas, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa sejak masa kuno Singasari dan Majapahit, penyelarasan dan sinkretisme antara banyak tradisi keagamaan telah dipraktikkan sebagai bagian penting dari konsep pluralisme.
Hindu -Buddha datang pertama lalu disusul oleh karya Islam yang menambah nuansa sinkretis. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa tokoh Hindu -Buddha diceritakan ulang dalam karya Islam dengan berbagai modifikasi.
Cerita tentang Sunan Kalijaga mencerminkan sumber yang lebih tua seperti Sutasoma, Ken Arok, Bhima, dan tokoh-tokoh lain. Kisah mereka mengajarkan kepada kita tentang relativitas antara kejahatan dan kebaikan; kejahatan tidak dimusnahkan tetapi diubah menjadi kebaikan. Artikel ini merupakan contoh usaha untuk merumuskan konsep pluralisme berdasarkan kebijakan lokal dengan membaca kembali teks-teks klasik dengan semangat penafsiran ulang ajaran lokal dengan perspektif baru.
State Building and Conflict Resolution in Weinstein , Jessica. Full Text Available This paper is motivated by the situations where Bali as part of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia that has a various diversity of ethnicity, race, religion, and citizenship. The background of various ethnic, tribe and religion in Indonesia are often tainted by the conflicts, contradictions, until riots.
This makes this paper important to be appointed, where Bali gives a different color in managing the existing heterogeneity. When conflicts on behalf of ethnic, tribe and religion occurred in some areas, Bali remains in control, not affected by the riots.
This article at least has the purpose to provide a review of the relation between the life that is built up during the time in Bali, especially between Muslims and Hindus in the perspective of multicultural society. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. Data sampling is done by using purposive sampling technique, using primary data in the form of informans and secondary data in the form of library data both at home and abroad as KITLV, as well as libraries at the University of Leiden.
Islam and Hindu relationship in Bali is essentially strengthened in the Balinese culture that develops and continues sustainable until now. Genealogical role caused by inter-family marriages in the past, reinforce islam and hindu relationship.
The role of kings in the past and to the present generation also contributed quite a bit of harmony of Islam and Hindu in Bali. Local government through Forum for Interreligious Harmony and Ministry of Religious Affairs gives greater media after the reform, so that there is better relations and places cultural piety as the foundation. The writer conclude that Islam and Hindu relationship in Bali is supported by the community local wisdom Islam and Hindu , which upholds the sense of brotherhood, tolerance, respect, and recognition of the existing diversity.
This reality is certainly very great significance in the life of the country of. Full Text Available Abstract Preservation the local wisdom of Balinese culture need to continue to do. To begin, the initial knowledge is needed that is able to answer the following questions: How does the local wisdom is obtained?
How is this done during scanning to the younger generation? This article tries to answer the above questions with a focus on the study of local wisdom pertaining to ethnobotany of ceremonial plants on Balinese Hindu communities.
Research using exploratory approach. Location of the study includes five Desa Pakraman Balinese village in the province of Bali. Inventory data is done through the analysis of documents, interviews, and observations.
The resource person is determined by snow ball sampling techniques. Data analysis was done through qualitative critical. The results showed that ethnobotany documentation of Balinese Hindu ceremonial plant, still classified as minimal. Identification is done on the basis of morphological characteristics of the plant. Scanning of knowledge belonging to the younger generation to be done through oral techniques and provides hands-on experience through time of preparation, implementation, and post implementation activities of religious rituals.
It takes an attempt of documenting through the media, so that available anytime, anywhere. Barriers to higher education: commonalities and contrasts in the experiences of Hindu and Muslim young women in urban Bengaluru. Gender inequalities in educational attainment have attracted considerable attention and this article aims to contribute to our understanding of young women's access to higher education. The article is based on our in-depth interviews with 26 Hindu and Muslim young women attending colleges in urban Bengaluru formerly Bangalore , south India, and explores the barriers they confronted in fulfilling their aspirations.
We highlight the similarities amongst the young women, as well as the distinctive experiences of the Hindu and Muslim interviewees. Financial constraints, lack of safety for women in public space, and gender bias, gossip and social control within the family and the local community affected Hindu and Muslim interviewees in substantially similar ways.
For the Muslim interviewees, however, gender disadvantage was compounded by their minority status. This both underlines the importance of incorporating communal politics into our analysis and undermines popular discourses that stereotype Muslims in India as averse to girls' and young women's education.
Full Text Available Abstract Varanasi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world, and one of the most important Hindu pilgrimage sites. Despite this importance, very little information exits on the cities flora in general, and medicinal species found within its limit in particular.
Traditional medicine plays a large role in Indian society. The presented study attempted to investigate if traditional plant use and availability of important common medicinal plants are maintained in urban environments. The paper presents information on the traditional uses of seventy-two plant species collected form the campus of Banares Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, and highlights the uses of these plants by the local inhabitants.
Full Text Available This article presents a reassessment of the Hindu -Christian dialogue in its relationship with modernity. The focus is on a group of Western Catholic clergymen who relocated to India, specifically during , and became involved in the Hindu -Christian dialogue. It emphasises the dual character of the interfaith dialogue, and the struggles of this group of clergymen to overcome modernity, whereby a modern Weltanschauung was the obstacle along the path to reshaping Catholic theology and establishing a fruitful interfaith dialogue with Hinduism.
Although they did not pursue a common agenda and had different goals, these pioneers of interfaith dialogue came to consider such a dialogue with Hinduism as regenerative, as a means of revitalising Western thought, of balancing the modern excesses of a Western civilisation increasingly dominated by technology, and of transcending the rationalised culture of the modern West to achieve higher consciousness.
Development of national land cover database for the Nepal. Land cover and its change analysis across the Hindu Kush Himalayan HKH region is realized as an urgent need to support diverse issues of environmental conservation. This study presents the first and most complete national land cover database of Nepal prepared using public domain Landsat TM data of and replicable methodology.
The study estimated that Patch and edge forests constituting Core forests constituted Physiographic regions wise forest fragmentation analysis revealed specific conservation requirements for productive hill and mid mountain regions. The online web based land cover validation tool is developed for continual improvement of land cover product. The potential use of the data set for national and regional level sustainable land use planning strategies and meeting several global commitments also highlighted.
All rights reserved. Experiences in sport, physical activity, and physical education among Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu Asian adolescent girls. Multicultural scholarship in sport and exercise psychology should help us understand and apply cultural competencies for all to be physically active.
In the present study, two Asian countries, Japan and Singapore, were chosen. The participation rate for physical activities among adolescent girls tends to be lower than that of boys in both countries. Thus, the purpose of the project was to gain knowledge and understanding about sociocultural factors that may explain adolescent girls' perceptions and behaviors toward sport, physical activity, and physical education PE.
A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with focus groups was used to understand meanings of physical activity among Buddhist Japanese, and Hindu Indians and Christian Chinese from Singapore. Each focus group consisted of four or five girls and female researchers. Based on the results, the importance of nurturing cultural competencies and ways to encourage girls to be physically active throughout life were discussed.
Full Text Available This article seeks to examine the theology of tolerance as the basis for interreligious and harmonious co-existence between Muslims and Hindus in Lombok. Lombok is known as the island of thousand mosques where majestic mosques scatter throughout the island. But Lombok is also a home for Hindus. The interactions between them have been very dynamics, creating integration, acculturation, adaptation, accommodation while sometimes also triggering tension.
This article argues that theology occupies important aspects in both Hindu and Muslim daily live and thus can be employed as the solid basis of interreligious relations between them. Hindus are also required to maintain tolerant attitude towards other religions as this is commanded in the Veda. These theological grounds will strengthen from the faith point of view Hindu -Muslim social cohesion, which has so far been realized though various means, such as music, arts and religious festivals.
In particular, I pay attention to the controversywhich has been dividing the Balinese intelligentsia overthe proper name of their religion, as it reveals a perennialconflict between the Balinese who want to retain thespecificity of their customary ritual practices, and thosewho aspire to reform the Balinese religion by conformingit to what they think Hinduism is about.
Access to freshwater is important as world populations grow, especially in High Mountain Asia, where glaciers are a significant component of the freshwater resources, particularly in summer. Glaciers are sensitive to climate perturbations and affected by climate change.
Our understanding of the contribution of glacier runoff to specific watersheds, and projections of glacier runoff in a warming climate, are critical to inform decisions, management and policy development. We designed ad-hoc mascon configurations to calculate the upstream glacier change in mass balance and contribution to major river basins water supply, determined appropriate corrections and uncertainties for the signal and evaluated the results via comparison with the Water Balance Model WBM output and other data re-analysis data and satellite-derived precipitation and evapotranspiration.
For the Indus basin, to evaluate the glacier contribution to the total water budget, we examine the contribution of the upper basin to the lower basin TWS change. Over the Upper Indus basin, we find that the seasonal decline in total water storage between May and September averages 88 Gt during TRMM cumulative precipitation amounts to Gt, leaving a runoff and evapotranspiration component of Gt.
This estimate compares well with an estimate for the WBM modeled runoff of. Directional migration in the Hindu castes: inferences from mitochondrial, autosomal and Y-chromosomal data. Genetic, ethnographic, and historical evidence suggests that the Hindu castes have been highly endogamous for several thousand years and that, when movement between castes does occur, it typically consists of females joining castes of higher social status. However, little is known about migration rates in these populations or the extent to which migration occurs between caste groups of low, middle, and high social status.
To investigate these aspects of migration, we analyzed the largest collection of genetic markers collected to date in Hindu caste populations. These data included 45 newly typed autosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms STRPs , bp of mitochondrial DNA sequence, and 43 Y-chromosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were assayed in more than individuals of known caste status sampled in Andrah Pradesh, in South India.
Application of recently developed likelihood-based analyses to this dataset enabled us to obtain genetically derived estimates of intercaste migration rates. We also found support for the hypothesis that rates of gene flow differ between maternally and paternally inherited genes. Migration rates were substantially higher in maternally than in paternally inherited markers. In addition, while prevailing patterns of migration involved movement between castes of similar rank, paternally inherited markers in the low-status castes were most likely to move into high-status castes.
Our findings support earlier evidence that the caste system has been a significant, long-term source of population structuring in South Indian Hindu populations, and that patterns of migration differ between males and females. Copyright Springer-Verlag. Deciphering the contrasting climatic trends between the central Himalaya and Karakoram with 36 years of WRF simulations.
Glaciers over the central Himalaya have retreated at particularly rapid rates in recent decades, while glacier mass in the Karakoram appears stable. In all seasons, CFSR shows an anti-cyclonic warming trend over the majority of High Mountain Asia, but distinctive differences are observed between the central Himalaya and Karakoram in winter and summer.
In winter and summer, the central Himalaya has been under the influence of an anti-cyclonic trend, which in summer the downscaling shows has reduced cloud cover, leading to significant warming and reduced snowfall in recent years. Contrastingly, the Karakoram has been near the boundary between large-scale cyclonic and anti-cyclonic trends and has not experienced significant snowfall or temperature changes in winter or summer, despite significant trends in summer of increasing cloud cover and decreasing shortwave radiation.
This downscaling does not identify any trends over glaciers in closer neighboring regions to the Karakoram e. While this study does not fully explain the Karakoram anomaly, the identified trends detail important meteorological contributions to the observed differences between central Himalaya and Karakoram glacier evolution in recent decades.
Who Is to Blame? This research examined attitudes that predict rape blame in contexts of interethnic violence between minority Muslims and dominant Hindu communities in Mumbai, India. I hypothesized that, in contexts of interethnic violence, prejudicial attitudes toward communities and attitudes that view rape as a conflict tool i. Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1 Untuk mengetahui latar belakang adanya anggota masyarakat di Desa Alasangker yang beralih agama dari agama Hindu ke Agama Budha; 2 Untuk mengetahui proses konversi agama dan perkembangan Agama Budha di Desa Alasangker dari awal masuknya sampai sekarang; 3 Untuk mengetahui implikasi konversi agama terhadap keluarga dan desa pakraman Penelitian ini secara metodologis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik penentuan informan dengan purposive sampling dan informan terus dikembangkan dengan teknik snowball.
That is the opening stanza of another Kipling poem, Arithmetic on the Frontier. The provincial government of Khyber Pakktunkhwa quotes it on their website. What did Kipling mean by "All flesh is grass," and why is it relevant today? Kipling is actually quoting the Bible Isaiah The biblical author, as well as Kipling, compares human life to a blade of grass: short, and easily cut even shorter.
Peshawar and the Khyber Pass have been ravaged by the war in Afghanistan , making the phrase an apt one for the Khyber Paktunkhwa government to use. Bullets continue to fly down the Khyber Pass: In late , Pakistan temporarily closed its border to Afghanistan after an American helicopter crew accidentally shot and killed Pakistani soldiers in a tragic incident of "friendly fire.
Suicide bombers bomb mosques and marketplaces.
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