When ordinary light is passed through a polarizer, all planes of oscillation are filtered out except one, resulting in plane-polarized light. A beam of plane-polarized light, when passed through a sample of a chiral compound, interacts with the compound in such a way that the angle of oscillation will rotate.
This property is called optical activity. We mentioned L- and D -amino acids in the previous section: the L -amino acids are levorotatory. The magnitude of the observed optical activity is dependent on temperature, the wavelength of light used, solvent, concentration of the chiral sample, and the path length of the sample tube path length is the length that the plane-polarized light travels through the chiral sample. In other words, the specific rotation of a chiral compound is the optical rotation that is observed when 1 g of the compound is dissolved in enough of a given solvent to make mL solution, and the rotation is measured in a 1 dm cuvette at 25 o C using light from a sodium lamp.
Every chiral molecule has a characteristic specific rotation, which is recorded in the chemical literature as a physical property just like melting point or density. Different enantiomers of a compound will always rotate plane-polarized light with an equal but opposite magnitude.
Application Clinical Applications As an excellent cholesterol solvent, S - - -Limonene is normally used clinically to dissolve cholesterol containing gallstones. It has also been used for relieving of heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disorder GERD due to its gastric acid neutralizing characteristic and its support for normal peristalsis.
Patients with breast cancer showed partial response while patients with colorectal cancer were stable for more than six months from phase 1 clinical trials. D-limonene is also used in maintaining regular bowel movements, particularly when slow movements are caused by a fungus known as Candida albicans that normally lead cause intestinal infection.
D-limonene is used as a mild suppressor of appetite, thus it can be employed to help in managing weight. Notably, it is useful when an individual has unhealthy blood sugar levels. Personal Use D-limonene is used as flavoring agent to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids as well as a fragrance in perfumery.
The compound is also used in bath products, aftershave lotions as well as other personal products. It is normally added to cleaning products, for instance, hand wash solutions to give an orange or lemon fragrance.
Food Industry D-limonene is used as a fragrance and flavoring in the manufacture of foods, chewing gums, and beverages. It is also used as a paint stripper as well as an alternative fragrance to turpentine. In some airplane models, d-Limonene is used as a solvent in glues and as a constituent in some paints. The compound is also used in commercial air fresheners.
It is also used to remove self-adhesive postage stamps from envelopes by philatelists. Printing D-Limonene is used as a solvent for filament that is used in 3D printing. Printers are able to erect binders and supports from HIPS, which is a polystyrene plastic that can easily dissolve in d-Limonene. Therapeutic The therapeutic properties of d-limonene include antimicrobial, antianaemic, antiseptic, and anti-sclerotic.
The compound also has carminative, bactericidal, depurative, cicatrizant, diuretic, rubefacient, hyposensitive, vermifuge, and tonic characteristics. Histology D-Limonene is often used in preparing tissues especially when cleaning dehydrated specimen for histology due to its less toxic characteristic as compared to xylene.
Condition for optical activity: 1 The molecule must be a chiral molecule chiral carbon: asymmetric If there is only one chiral carbon atom in the compound, then the compound is still a chiral molecule. If a compound is able to rotate the polarization plane of polarized light alone, it is said to be optically active. Specific rotation is an intense property that distinguishes it from the more general phenomenon of optical rotation. Racemic mixtures are mixtures of organic compounds called enantiomers.
A racemic mixture contains equal amounts of opposite enantiomers. The main difference between a racemic mixture and a meso compound is that a racemic mixture contains non-identical isomers, while a meso compound contains an identical isomer.
All enantiomers are optically active. Optical activity is one of the definitions of enantiomers, since enantiomers are isomers of the molecule that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and rotate light in opposite directions. There are drugs, so-called enantiomerically pure drugs, which have different effects depending on whether it is a racemic mixture or a single enantiomer. For example, dethambutol treats tuberculosis while lethambutol causes blindness.
Optical activity is the interaction of these enantiomers with plane polarized light. Specific rotation. Limonene Optical Rotation Query. Limonene Optical Rotation What is the specific optical rotation of lemons S?
0コメント